Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Functions

Mr. Andersen explains the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis, detailing their structure and function. He describes how chloroplasts move within plant cells to optimize light absorption and their interaction with mitochondria. The video covers the photosynthesis process, including the light reaction and Calvin cycle, and explains the evolutionary origin of chloroplasts from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis.

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

• To provide structural support

• To conduct photosynthesis

• To transport water

• To store nutrients

How do chloroplasts respond to varying light conditions?

• They produce more chlorophyll

• They shrink in size

• They move to optimize light absorption

• They change color

What surrounds chloroplasts and follows them within the cell?

• Vacuoles

• Nuclei

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

What is the main role of the thylakoid membrane in photosynthesis?

• To produce oxygen

• To transport water

• To conduct the light reaction

• To store glucose

What is the function of ATP synthase in the thylakoid membrane?

• To absorb sunlight

• To synthesize ATP

• To transport electrons

• To break down glucose

What molecule donates electrons to fill the 'hole' in the electron transport chain?

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Water

• Glucose

What is produced as a byproduct when water is split during photosynthesis?

• Glucose

• ATP

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

What is the origin of chloroplasts according to the endosymbiotic theory?

• They developed from plant nuclei

• They were formed from ribosomes

• They evolved from mitochondria

• They originated from cyanobacteria

What structural feature do chloroplasts share with cyanobacteria?

• Lack of DNA

• Double membrane

• Single membrane

• Absence of ribosomes

What is the primary role of chloroplasts in relation to plant growth?

• To produce high-energy molecules

• To store water

• To provide structural support

• To absorb nutrients