Understanding Neuroscience and the Work of Eve Marder

The video explores the evolution of neuroscience from the 1970s, highlighting the comparison between computers and the human nervous system. It focuses on Eve Marder's groundbreaking research on the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) neurons in crustaceans, revealing how neuromodulators influence neuron groups to produce diverse behaviors. Marder's work demonstrates that the nervous system's adaptability doesn't rely on a vast number of circuits but on flexible pathways. Her findings have significant implications for understanding human nervous systems and treating conditions like strokes. Marder's contributions earned her the 2016 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience.

What does the Kavli Prize recognize in the field of neuroscience?

• Advancements in genetic engineering

• Innovations in computer technology

• Outstanding achievements in understanding the nervous system

• Breakthroughs in artificial intelligence

What was the initial comparison made between computers and the human nervous system?

• Both have a similar input-output process

• Both are powered by solar energy

• Both can self-repair damaged parts

• Both are controlled by a central processor

Why did the circuit-board model of the nervous system begin to fall apart?

• It required too many neurons

• It was too simple to explain complex behaviors

• It was based on outdated technology

• It ignored the role of neurotransmitters

What unique feature did Eve Marder study in crustaceans?

• Their stomatogastric ganglion

• Their complex mating rituals

• Their color-changing abilities

• Their ability to regenerate limbs

How do neuromodulators affect the STG neurons according to Marder's research?

• They have no effect on neuron activity

• They only activate one neuron at a time

• They influence the entire group of neurons

• They deactivate all neurons simultaneously

What did Marder's findings suggest about neural circuits in humans?

• They are identical in every individual

• They can adapt and create multiple pathways

• They are fixed and unchangeable

• They deteriorate quickly over time

What was a key finding about the variability in crustacean nervous systems?

• All crustaceans have identical neural circuits

• Variability is only present in lab-bred crustaceans

• Variability does not affect the outcome of behaviors

• Variability leads to different behaviors

How can Marder's research potentially benefit stroke treatment?

• By reducing the size of the affected brain area

• By eliminating the need for rehabilitation

• By helping rebuild neural connections

• By preventing strokes from occurring

What does Marder's research imply about the adaptability of neurons?

• Neurons are static and unchanging

• Neurons can adapt by forming new connections

• Neurons only adapt in young individuals

• Neurons cannot adapt to changes

For what achievement was Eve Marder awarded the Kavli Prize in Neuroscience?

• Creating a new theory of evolution

• Inventing a new medical device

• Describing how nervous systems change and stay the same

• Developing a new type of computer