Cosmology Concepts and Challenges

The video explores unresolved mysteries in physics, including neutrino mass, matter-antimatter imbalance, dark matter, the lithium problem, and the cosmic microwave background's Axis of Evil. It discusses the limitations of the Standard Model and potential solutions like supersymmetry, highlighting the ongoing quest to understand the universe.

What was the initial belief of scientists about the state of physics at the beginning of the 20th century?

• Physics was just beginning.

• Physics was irrelevant.

• Physics was almost complete.

• Physics was too complex to understand.

Why is the Neutrino mass problem significant for the Standard Model?

• It confirms the Standard Model.

• It suggests Neutrinos have no mass.

• It reveals a flaw in the Standard Model.

• It supports the existence of dark matter.

What is the relationship between matter and antimatter?

• They are identical in every way.

• They have opposite charges.

• They cannot coexist in the universe.

• They are the same as dark matter.

What is one proposed solution to the matter-antimatter asymmetry?

• The expansion of the universe.

• The Big Bang theory.

• The presence of dark energy.

• The existence of heavy Neutrinos.

What is the primary evidence for the existence of dark matter?

• Its interaction with light.

• Its gravitational effects.

• Its visibility through telescopes.

• Its chemical composition.

What percentage of the universe's matter is believed to be dark matter?

• 50%

• 65%

• 85%

• 95%

What is the 'lithium problem' in cosmology?

• Lithium is not found in the universe.

• There is less lithium than predicted.

• There is too much lithium in the universe.

• Lithium is unstable in stars.

What is the 'axis of evil' in the cosmic microwave background?

• A region with no matter.

• A split in matter density.

• A concentration of dark matter.

• A line of antimatter.

How does the 'axis of evil' challenge the Copernican principle?

• It suggests Earth is at the center of the universe.

• It indicates a unique gravitational force.

• It implies a special alignment with our solar system.

• It shows the universe is expanding unevenly.

What is one possible explanation for the 'axis of evil' alignment?

• A random chance alignment.

• A flaw in the Big Bang theory.

• A new type of particle.

• A nearby dust cloud.