In the 1930s, pertussis was a common and deadly disease. Scientists Grace Eldering and Pearl Kendrick developed the first effective whooping cough vaccine, significantly reducing the disease's prevalence. Their work involved innovative research methods, including the use of cough plates to study the bacteria. Despite challenges, such as limited funding during the Great Depression, they conducted successful field trials. The vaccine's development and subsequent improvements saved thousands of lives, marking a significant advancement in public health.

What was the annual number of pertussis cases reported in the US during the early 1930s?

• 500,000

• 50,000

• 200,000

• 100,000

What was the professional background of Grace Eldering before she worked on the pertussis vaccine?

• Bacteriologist

• Schoolteacher

• Nurse

• Chemist

What was the primary purpose of using 'cough plates' in Kendrick and Eldering's research?

• To measure lung capacity

• To collect bacteria samples

• To test for allergies

• To administer vaccines

What was the main reason for using sheep's blood in the cough plates?

• It was a traditional method

• It was more effective than human blood

• It was cheaper than human blood

• It was easier to obtain

What was the main challenge faced by Kendrick and Eldering in conducting the vaccine field trial?

• Opposition from the government

• Insufficient lab equipment

• No accepted standards for trials

• Lack of volunteers

How did Kendrick and Eldering initially test the safety of their general pertussis vaccine?

• On a small group of volunteers

• On themselves

• On children in a hospital

• On laboratory animals

What was the result of the first field trial conducted by Kendrick and Eldering?

• The vaccine significantly reduced pertussis cases

• The vaccine was only effective in adults

• The vaccine caused severe side effects

• The vaccine was ineffective

Who was Loney Gordon, and what was her contribution to the pertussis vaccine development?

• A doctor who led clinical trials

• A chemist who developed new compounds

• A dietitian who helped improve the vaccine

• A nurse who administered vaccines

What was the impact of the pertussis vaccine by 1960?

• Pertussis cases increased

• Pertussis cases remained the same

• Pertussis cases decreased significantly

• Pertussis was eradicated

What was one of the side effects of the whole culture pertussis vaccine?

• Nausea

• Fever and convulsions

• Rash

• Headache