Nobel Prize Discoveries in Chemistry and Physics

The video discusses the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physics. The Chemistry prize was awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, J. Fraser Stoddart, and Ben Feringa for their work on molecular machines. Sauvage created catenanes, Stoddart developed rotaxanes, and Feringa built a molecular motor. The Physics prize went to Michael Kosterlitz, David Thouless, and Duncan Haldane for their research on topological materials and quantum phenomena, including the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and topological insulators. The video concludes with a call to support SciShow on Patreon.

What time of the year are the Nobel Prize winners typically announced?

• April

• January

• October

• December

What was the focus of the Chemistry Nobel Prize winners' research?

• Genetic engineering

• Quantum computing

• Molecular machines

• Large-scale chemical reactions

How did Jean-Pierre Sauvage's team connect molecules?

• Using covalent bonds

• With copper ions to form catenanes

• Through hydrogen bonding

• By magnetic attraction

What structures did J. Fraser Stoddart's team create?

• Catenanes

• Rotaxanes

• Nanotubes

• Fullerenes

What was unique about Ben Feringa's molecular motor?

• It was made of organic materials

• It spun in only one direction

• It was powered by visible light

• It could spin in both directions

What branch of math is involved in the Physics Nobel Prize research?

• Topology

• Algebra

• Calculus

• Statistics

What phenomenon did Kosterlitz and Thouless study in ultra-cold materials?

• Quantum vortices

• Electrical conductivity

• Thermal expansion

• Magnetic fields

What is a topological insulator?

• A material that changes phase at high temperatures

• A material that insulates internally but conducts on the surface

• A material that insulates completely

• A material that conducts electricity throughout

What is the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition?

• A transition in molecular structure

• A change in electrical conductivity

• A phase transition involving quantum vortices

• A shift in magnetic orientation

What potential future technology could topological insulators impact?

• Solar panels

• Nuclear reactors

• Biotechnology

• Semiconductors