Understanding Fluency, Disfluency, and Familiarity Bias

The video explores the concepts of fluency and disfluency in thoughts, highlighting the enjoyment of 'ah-ha' moments when transitioning from confusion to understanding. It discusses the mere exposure effect, which biases individuals towards familiar stimuli, and its role in the spread of fake news. The video emphasizes the need for ethical practices in media to combat misinformation, drawing parallels with historical media challenges.

What is the term used to describe thoughts that feel easy and enjoyable?

• Disfluency

• Fluency

• Cognitive Dissonance

• Mental Agility

What is an 'ah-ha' moment?

• A moment of forgetting

• A moment of sudden realization

• A transition from fluent to disfluent thinking

• A moment of confusion

What does the mere exposure effect suggest?

• Exposure to a stimulus only affects children

• Repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases preference for it

• Repeated exposure to a stimulus increases preference for it

• Exposure to a stimulus has no effect on preference

How does familiarity bias affect news consumption?

• It makes people more skeptical of news

• It leads people to believe repeated news items are true

• It has no effect on news consumption

• It makes people ignore news completely

What was the result of the study on shark cartilage and arthritis?

• Both older and younger participants remembered the fact as false

• Older participants believed the fact was true due to familiarity

• Younger participants believed the fact was true

• Older participants remembered the fact as false

What is a major challenge for social media platforms in combating fake news?

• Difficulty in using technology to separate fact from fiction

• Inability to hire enough staff

• Lack of user engagement

• Over-reliance on human intervention

What is the role of ethics in addressing fake news on social media?

• Ethics are irrelevant in the digital age

• Ethics can be replaced by algorithms

• Ethics are crucial for human intervention in news verification

• Ethics only apply to traditional media

What historical event is compared to the current fake news problem?

• The rise of television

• The digital revolution

• The penny press era

• The invention of the radio

What was Benjamin Day's contribution to the newspaper industry?

• He created the first online newspaper

• He invented the radio

• He started the first television news channel

• He introduced the penny press

What is suggested as a solution to the lack of ethics in information markets?

• More advertisements

• More regulations

• More algorithms

• More humans and ethics