Understanding Hypotheses in Significance Testing

The video tutorial explains hypothesis testing using two examples. Derek, a political pollster, wants to test if the approval rating of the prime minister was significantly lower in December than in November. The video discusses how to formulate null and alternative hypotheses for this test. In the second example, Kylie tests if a dime and a nickel have the same likelihood of showing heads when flipped. The video guides viewers through setting up hypotheses and choosing the correct options based on the test's focus.

What is Derek trying to determine about the prime minister's approval ratings?

• If the approval rating is the same in December and November

• If the approval rating is significantly lower in December than in November

• If the approval rating is significantly higher in December than in November

• If the approval rating is higher in December than in November

What does the null hypothesis assume in Derek's analysis?

• There is no difference between the approval ratings in November and December

• The approval rating in December is higher than in November

• The approval rating in November is lower than in December

• There is a significant difference between November and December

In Derek's analysis, what would be a legitimate null hypothesis?

• The true proportion in December is greater than in November

• The true proportion in December is equal to in November

• The true proportion in November is less than in December

• The true proportion in November is greater than in December

Which of the following represents the alternative hypothesis in Derek's test?

• The approval rating in December is lower than November

• The approval rating in December is higher than November

• The approval rating in November is lower than December

• The approval rating in December is equal to November

Which choice would be correct if Derek wanted to test if the approval ratings were different in December and November?

• Choice D

• Choice C

• Choice B

• Choice A

What is Kylie trying to determine with her coin flips?

• If the dime lands heads more often than the nickel

• If both coins land heads the same number of times

• If there is a significant difference in the likelihood of heads between the dime and the nickel

• If the nickel lands heads more often than the dime

What is Kylie's null hypothesis regarding the coin flips?

• The nickel lands heads more often than the dime

• There is no difference in the likelihood of heads between the dime and the nickel

• Both coins land heads the same number of times

• The dime lands heads more often than the nickel

What does Kylie's alternative hypothesis suggest?

• Both coins land heads the same number of times

• There is a significant difference in the likelihood of heads between the dime and the nickel

• The nickel lands heads more often than the dime

• The dime lands heads more often than the nickel

What would be a correct alternative hypothesis for Kylie if she wanted to test if the dime lands heads less often than the nickel?

• There is no difference in the likelihood of heads between the dime and the nickel

• The dime lands heads less often than the nickel

• The dime lands heads more often than the nickel

• Both coins land heads the same number of times

If Kylie wanted to test if the dime lands heads more often than the nickel, which choice would be correct?

• Choice A

• Choice B

• Choice C

• Choice D