Nitrate and Carbonate Ion Concepts

This video tutorial explains how to draw resonance structures, focusing on the carbonate ion. It covers calculating valence electrons, determining lone pairs, and drawing Lewis structures. The tutorial also demonstrates how to move electrons to create resonance structures and explains the concept of resonance hybrids. A practice problem involving the nitrate ion is provided to reinforce the concepts.

What is the total number of valence electrons in the carbonate ion?

• 28

• 26

• 24

• 22

How many lone pairs are present on the central carbon atom in the carbonate ion?

• 0

• 3

• 1

• 2

What happens to the double bond in the resonance structures of the carbonate ion?

• It remains fixed.

• It moves among the oxygen atoms.

• It becomes a triple bond.

• It disappears.

In the resonance hybrid of the carbonate ion, what is the average charge on each oxygen atom?

• -1

• 0

• -2/3

• -1/2

How many valence electrons are there in the nitrate ion?

• 18

• 20

• 22

• 16

How many lone pairs are on the central nitrogen atom in the nitrate ion?

• 3

• 1

• 0

• 2

How many resonance structures can be drawn for the nitrate ion?

• 4

• 3

• 2

• 1

In the resonance hybrid of the nitrate ion, what is the average charge on each oxygen atom?

• 0

• -2/3

• -1

• -1/2

What is the significance of a resonance hybrid?

• It shows the most stable structure.

• It represents a single structure.

• It is an average of all resonance structures.

• It is the least stable structure.

What is the charge of the nitrate ion?

• -2

• +1

• -1

• 0