Understanding Chromosomes

This video tutorial introduces chromosomes, explaining their structure and function. It describes how DNA, a long molecule, is coiled around histone proteins to form chromosomes, which fit into the cell nucleus. The video details the structure of chromosomes, including sister chromatids and centromeres, and discusses homologous chromosomes, which carry the same genes but different alleles. The tutorial concludes by summarizing the role of chromosomes in organizing genetic material.

What is the primary function of DNA within a cell?

• To transport nutrients

• To protect the cell

• To provide energy

• To store genetic information

How does a chromosome help in organizing DNA?

• By coiling it around histone proteins

• By breaking it down into smaller pieces

• By dissolving it in the nucleus

• By converting it into RNA

What is the role of histone proteins in chromosome structure?

• To coil DNA into a compact form

• To replicate DNA

• To break down DNA

• To transport DNA out of the nucleus

What structure holds sister chromatids together?

• Histone

• Ribosome

• Centromere

• Nucleus

What shape does a chromosome typically resemble?

• A circle

• A square

• An X

• A triangle

What is the main difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes?

• Sister chromatids are identical, homologous chromosomes are not

• Sister chromatids are found in plants, homologous chromosomes in animals

• Sister chromatids are made of RNA, homologous chromosomes of DNA

• Sister chromatids are larger than homologous chromosomes

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have?

• 12

• 92

• 23

• 46

What is the significance of homologous chromosomes having different alleles?

• It results in identical offspring

• It leads to genetic diversity

• It causes genetic disorders

• It prevents cell division

What is the total number of chromosomes in a human cell?

• 23

• 46

• 92

• 69

Why is it important for chromosomes to organize genes?

• To increase cell size

• To decrease genetic variation

• To eliminate mutations

• To ensure proper gene expression