Lewis Structures and Formal Charges

The video tutorial explains how to draw the Lewis structure of the chlorate ion (ClO3-). It begins by calculating the total number of valence electrons, considering the charge of the ion. The tutorial then determines the number of lone pairs on the central chlorine atom and explains the concept of an expanded octet. It emphasizes minimizing the formal charge for stability and demonstrates how to fill oxygen atoms with lone pairs while adhering to the octet rule. The video also explores alternative Lewis structures and discusses resonance, highlighting the most stable configuration.

How many valence electrons are present in the chlorate ion, ClO3-?

• 26

• 25

• 24

• 27

What is the number of lone pairs on the central chlorine atom in the chlorate ion?

• No lone pairs

• Three lone pairs

• Two lone pairs

• One lone pair

Which rule allows chlorine to have more than eight electrons in its outer shell?

• Valence Shell Rule

• Octet Rule

• Duet Rule

• Expanded Octet Rule

What is the formal charge on the central chlorine atom in the most stable Lewis structure of ClO3-?

• +2

• -1

• 0

• +1

How many bonds does the central chlorine atom have in the most stable Lewis structure of ClO3-?

• Three bonds

• Four bonds

• Five bonds

• Six bonds

What is the formal charge on an oxygen atom with one bond and three lone pairs?

• +1

• 0

• -1

• +2

Why is the alternative Lewis structure with charge separation less stable?

• It follows the octet rule.

• It has charge separation.

• It has minimized charges.

• It has more bonds.

What is the overall charge of the chlorate ion, ClO3-?

• -2

• -1

• 0

• +1

Which of the following is a characteristic of a resonance structure?

• It involves charge separation.

• It is always the most stable form.

• It has a single stable form.

• It has no formal charges.

What is the major resonance contributor for the chlorate ion?

• The structure with charge separation

• The structure with minimized charges

• The structure with maximum bonds

• The structure following the octet rule