Nuclear Fission and Fusion: Release of Energy from Atomic Nuclei

The video tutorial explains nuclear fission and fusion processes. It begins with nuclear fission, describing how a large unstable nucleus like uranium 235 splits into smaller nuclei, releasing energy. The concept of chain reactions in fission is discussed, highlighting controlled reactions in reactors and uncontrolled ones in explosions. The tutorial then shifts to nuclear fusion, where light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy. The extreme conditions required for fusion, such as high pressure and temperature, are outlined, noting that fusion occurs naturally in stars but is challenging to achieve safely on Earth.

What is the primary process involved in nuclear fission?

• Splitting a large unstable nucleus

• Combining two light nuclei

• Releasing photons from a nucleus

• Capturing a fast-moving electron

In a nuclear reactor, how is the chain reaction managed?

• It is left uncontrolled to maximize energy output

• It is controlled to release energy steadily and safely

• It is accelerated to produce more neutrons

• It is stopped periodically to prevent overheating

What is a key difference between nuclear fission and fusion?

• Fusion requires high temperatures and pressures, while fission does not

• Fusion releases less energy than fission

• Fission occurs naturally in stars, while fusion does not

• Fission combines nuclei, while fusion splits them

What are the products of a typical nuclear fusion reaction involving hydrogen isotopes?

• A carbon nucleus and a neutron

• Two hydrogen nuclei and a proton

• A helium nucleus and a neutron

• Two helium nuclei and a neutron

Why is nuclear fusion challenging to achieve on Earth?

• It requires low temperatures and pressures

• It cannot be controlled once started

• It produces too much radioactive waste

• It needs very high temperatures and pressures