The Carbon Family

The video tutorial covers Group 14 elements, including carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. It discusses their electronic configurations, covalent radii, metallic character, ionization enthalpy, and electronegativity. The oxidation states and inert pair effect are explained, along with reactions with oxygen and water. The formation of halides and hybridization, particularly SP3, is also covered. The tutorial highlights trends such as increasing metallic character and decreasing ionization enthalpy down the group.

Which element in Group 14 has a helium core in its electronic configuration?

• Silicon

• Carbon

• Germanium

• Tin

What is the primary reason for the increase in covalent radii within Group 14 elements?

• Addition of a new shell

• Increase in metallic character

• Decrease in atomic size

• Decrease in nuclear charge

Why does the ionization enthalpy decrease from carbon to tin in Group 14?

• Increase in atomic size

• Effective shielding by D and F orbitals

• Increase in electronegativity

• Decrease in nuclear charge

What is the stable oxidation state for heavier Group 14 elements due to the inert pair effect?

• +4

• +3

• 0

• +2

Which type of oxide is formed by carbon when heated with oxygen?

• Basic

• Neutral

• Amphoteric

• Acidic

What is the shape of MX4 halides formed by Group 14 elements?

• Octahedral

• Trigonal planar

• Linear

• Tetrahedral

Why does carbon not form complexes like other Group 14 elements?

• High electronegativity

• Lack of vacant d orbitals

• High ionization energy

• Small atomic size