Cracking Hydrocarbons: Converting Heavy Fractions to Lighter Fractions

The video tutorial explains the demand for lighter fractions of crude oil, which are used as fuels, compared to heavier fractions. It introduces the cracking process, which converts heavier hydrocarbons into lighter, more useful ones. The tutorial provides an example of cracking decane into heptane and propane, highlighting the properties of alkanes and alkenes. It discusses the uses of these hydrocarbons, such as fuels and polymers, and explains the bromine water test to differentiate between alkanes and alkenes.

Why are lighter fractions of crude oil more in demand compared to heavier fractions?

• They are easier to vaporize and burn cleanly.

• They have higher boiling points.

• They are thicker and more viscous.

• They are more difficult to extract.

What is the main purpose of the cracking process in the oil industry?

• To remove impurities from crude oil.

• To break down larger hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones.

• To convert lighter fractions into heavier ones.

• To increase the viscosity of hydrocarbons.

When decane is cracked, which two types of hydrocarbons are typically formed?

• Alkynes and alcohols

• Alkanes and alkenes

• Alkenes and alkynes

• Alkanes and alcohols

What characteristic of alkenes makes them highly reactive?

• Their high boiling points

• Their carbon-carbon double bonds

• Their single carbon-carbon bonds

• Their saturated nature

How can you differentiate between an alkane and an alkene using bromine water?

• Alkanes will react with bromine water.

• Alkenes will not react with bromine water.

• Alkenes will turn bromine water clear.

• Alkanes will turn bromine water clear.