GCSE Chemistry - Crude Oil and Fractional Distillation #53

The video explains how crude oil, a fossil fuel composed mainly of hydrocarbons, is formed from ancient organic matter and extracted from the earth. It describes the fractional distillation process used to separate crude oil into different components based on their boiling points. The video also covers the various uses of these components, such as fuels and petrochemicals, and highlights the finite nature of crude oil as a non-renewable resource.

What are the primary components of crude oil?

• Salts

• Metals

• Hydrocarbons

• Minerals

Why is crude oil considered a non-renewable resource?

• It is found only in specific regions.

• It takes millions of years to form.

• It is expensive to extract.

• It is used in many industries.

What is the main purpose of fractional distillation in crude oil processing?

• To convert crude oil into natural gas.

• To increase the volume of crude oil.

• To remove impurities from crude oil.

• To separate hydrocarbons based on boiling points.

In fractional distillation, where do the hydrocarbons with the longest chains condense?

• At the top of the column

• Outside the column

• In the middle of the column

• At the bottom of the column

Which of the following is a product obtained from the top of the fractionating column?

• Bitumen

• LPG

• Heavy fuel oil

• Diesel

What characteristic makes shorter chain hydrocarbons better fuels?

• Lower boiling point

• Higher flammability

• Lower flammability

• Higher density

What is the process called that breaks down longer hydrocarbons into smaller ones?

• Refining

• Cracking

• Distillation

• Polymerization