Medulla oblongata: Hypoglossal nerve level

The tutorial covers the anatomy of the medulla oblongata at the level of the hypoglossal nerve, focusing on orientation, key landmarks, and structures in sagittal and horizontal sections. It discusses the olivary nuclei, central gray matter, and associated tracts, concluding with a clinical vignette of Dejerine syndrome.

What is the primary focus of the tutorial on the medulla oblongata?

• The anatomy of the spinal cord

• The anatomy of the pons

• The anatomy of the medulla oblongata at the level of the hypoglossal nerve

• The anatomy of the cerebellum

Which structure is used as a landmark in the anterior portion of the medulla?

• Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

• Pyramidal tract

• Spinal trigeminal nucleus

• Medial lemniscus

What is the function of the inferior olivary nucleus?

• Processing auditory signals

• Sensory motor processing and coordination

• Regulating heart rate

• Controlling breathing

Which tract is found in the midline of the medulla and is involved in proprioception?

• Vestibulospinal tract

• Central tegmental tract

• Corticospinal tract

• Medial lemniscus

What is the role of the medial longitudinal fasciculus?

• Integrating gaze patterns and head motion

• Transmitting auditory signals

• Regulating breathing

• Controlling limb movements

Which nucleus is associated with the trigeminal nerve in the lateral medulla?

• Dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve

• Nucleus ambiguus

• Hypoglossal nucleus

• Spinal trigeminal nucleus

What is the function of the nucleus ambiguus?

• Controlling limb movements

• Processing sensory information from the face

• Innervating muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx

• Regulating heart rate

Which structure is located near the floor of the fourth ventricle in the dorsal medulla?

• Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

• Pyramidal tract

• Medial lemniscus

• Central tegmental tract

What is Dejerine syndrome associated with?

• Ischemia of parenchymal structures at the level of the hypoglossal nucleus

• Ischemia of the thalamus

• Ischemia of the cerebellum

• Ischemia of the pons

Which nuclei are part of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway?

• Gracile and cuneate nuclei

• Olivary nuclei

• Nucleus ambiguus

• Hypoglossal nucleus