Clonal Selection EXPLAINED

The video tutorial explains the process of clonal selection, which ensures lymphocytes do not attack normal cells, preventing autoimmune conditions. It distinguishes between antigens and immunogens, highlighting that not all antigens trigger immune responses. The tutorial describes how the immune system recognizes self antigens to maintain tolerance and avoid attacking healthy cells. It also covers the immune response to foreign and abnormal antigens, leading to cell apoptosis. The stages of clonal selection, including positive and negative selection, are detailed, explaining how lymphocytes are tested for their ability to bind foreign antigens while avoiding self antigens.

What is the primary purpose of clonal selection in lymphocytes?

• To decrease the number of lymphocytes

• To ensure lymphocytes attack all cells

• To prevent lymphocytes from attacking normal cells

• To increase the number of lymphocytes

Which of the following best describes an antigen?

• A type of lymphocyte

• A protein that binds with lymphocytes

• A cell that attacks foreign bodies

• A molecule that always causes an immune reaction

How do immune cells recognize self-antigens?

• By their shape

• By cell surface proteins

• By their size

• By their color

What happens when a lymphocyte encounters a foreign antigen?

• It ignores the antigen

• It binds and attacks the antigen

• It becomes a self-antigen

• It undergoes apoptosis

What is the role of positive selection in clonal selection?

• To decrease the number of foreign antigens

• To increase the number of self-antigens

• To select cells that can bind to foreign antigens

• To destroy cells that bind to self-antigens

During negative selection, what happens to cells that bind to self-antigens?

• They become foreign antigens

• They are ignored

• They are destroyed

• They are selected for further maturation

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

• In the red bone marrow

• In the thymus

• In the liver

• In the spleen