Mineralogy of Sedimentary Rocks: Weathering and Diagenesis

The video tutorial explains sedimentary rocks, focusing on their mineralogy, transport, and diagenesis. It covers the reactivity of minerals, sediment maturity, and the processes of transport and sorting. The tutorial also delves into diagenesis, highlighting compaction, cementation, and the role of groundwater in transforming sediments into rocks.

Which minerals are most likely to survive the processes of weathering and transport to become part of sedimentary rocks?

• Halite and sylvite

• Quartz and clay

• Calcite and gypsum

• Feldspar and mica

What happens to sediment grains as they are transported over long distances?

• They become more crystalline

• They become more angular

• They become more rounded

• They increase in size

What is the primary factor that determines the sorting of sediment grains?

• Grain color

• Grain mineral composition

• Grain diameter

• Grain density

Which type of sedimentary rock is likely to form near its source and be poorly sorted?

• Sandstone

• Shale

• Breccia

• Limestone

What is the process called that involves the chemical and physical changes occurring after sediment is buried?

• Lithification

• Metamorphism

• Erosion

• Diagenesis

What is the most common cementing mineral in sedimentary rocks?

• Halite

• Gypsum

• Quartz

• Mica

Under what conditions does calcite tend to dissolve during diagenesis?

• High pH

• Low pH

• High temperature

• Low pressure