How is it possible to measure the distance to stars and galaxies?

The video tutorial explains how scientists measure distances in space using various methods. The parallax method is the most accurate for stars within 400 light-years, using Earth's orbit and trigonometry. For stars beyond this range, scientists use brightness patterns of main sequence stars. Cepheid variables help measure distances to other galaxies, while type 1a supernovae are used for even greater distances, up to 13.2 billion light-years. The video highlights the challenges of measuring vast distances and the ingenuity of scientists in developing these methods.

What is the primary method used to measure distances up to 400 light-years?

• Redshift

• Parallax

• Type 1a Supernovae

• Cepheid Variables

Why is the parallax method limited to 400 light-years?

• The Earth's orbit is too small for larger distances.

• Stars beyond 400 light-years are too dim.

• The method requires a larger telescope.

• It relies on the color of stars.

How do scientists measure distances beyond 400 light-years using main sequence stars?

• By calculating their mass

• By analyzing their temperature and color

• By observing their gravitational pull

• By measuring their speed

What characteristic of Cepheid variables makes them useful for measuring distances to other galaxies?

• Their constant brightness

• Their periodic brightness changes

• Their proximity to Earth

• Their large size

What challenge is associated with measuring distances to galaxies billions of light-years away?

• The galaxies are too small.

• The galaxies are too close.

• The galaxies are moving too fast.

• The expansion of the universe and redshift must be considered.

What makes Type 1a supernovae reliable for measuring vast distances?

• Their proximity to Earth

• Their rapid occurrence

• Their consistent mass range

• Their unpredictable brightness

What is a limitation of using Type 1a supernovae for distance measurement?

• They are only found in our galaxy.

• They are rare events.

• They occur too frequently.

• They are too dim to observe.