Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) | Signaling & Mechanism

The video tutorial explains the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neuroplasticity, focusing on its signaling pathways. It covers the TRKB receptors and their dimerization, leading to three main pathways: AKT, phospholipase C gamma, and MAP kinase. Each pathway contributes to cell survival, growth, and neuroplastic changes, either through gene expression or independent mechanisms. The tutorial also discusses the effects of BDNF, including neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synapse strengthening, which are crucial for learning and memory.

What is the primary role of TRKB receptors in the BDNF signaling pathway?

• To phosphorylate DNA directly

• To act as receptors for BDNF

• To facilitate the dimerization of BDNF

• To bind insulin molecules

Which of the following is a key component of the AKT signaling pathway?

• Phospholipase C gamma

• Calmodulin kinase

• PDK 1

• Ras protein

What is the role of PIP3 in the AKT pathway?

• It directly activates transcription factors

• It acts as a second messenger for calcium release

• It cleaves phospholipids

• It recruits PDK 1 to the membrane

How does phospholipase C gamma contribute to the signaling pathway?

• By inhibiting calcium release

• By binding directly to DNA

• By cleaving PIP2 into DAG and IP3

• By phosphorylating AKT

What is the function of IP3 in the phospholipase C gamma pathway?

• To trigger calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum

• To bind to TRKB receptors

• To inhibit DAG formation

• To phosphorylate transcription factors

Which protein is activated by Ras in the MAPK signaling pathway?

• TRKB

• PDK 1

• RAF 1

• Calmodulin kinase

What is the primary effect of the MAPK pathway on cells?

• Direct DNA replication

• Inhibition of gene expression

• Promotion of apoptosis

• Induction of gene expression for growth and survival

What does neurogenesis refer to in the context of BDNF effects?

• Growth of new neurons

• Strengthening of existing synapses

• Formation of new synapses

• Reduction of neuron size

How is synaptogenesis different from neurogenesis?

• It refers to the formation of new synapses between neurons

• It reduces the number of synapses

• It strengthens existing synapses

• It involves the growth of new neurons

What is long-term potentiation in the context of synapse strengthening?

• A temporary change in synapse strength

• An increase in the number of neurotransmitter receptors

• A reduction in synaptic connections

• A decrease in neurotransmitter release