The Mechanism of Insulin Release by Pancreatic β-cells

The video explains how pancreatic beta cells detect blood glucose levels and release insulin to regulate glucose uptake in tissues. It details the role of glucose transporters, ATP production, and the graded response of insulin secretion based on blood glucose levels. The process involves glucokinase and ATP-gated potassium channels, with calcium influx triggering insulin release. The video concludes with a discussion on the graded nature of insulin response and a preview of insulin generation in the Golgi apparatus.

What is the primary role of pancreatic beta cells in the body?

• To produce glucagon

• To detect blood glucose levels and release insulin

• To store excess glucose

• To break down fats

Which glucose transporter is primarily found in pancreatic beta cells?

• GLUT4

• GLUT1

• GLUT2

• GLUT3

How does glucokinase in beta cells differ from hexokinase in other cells?

• It is allosterically regulated

• It is inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate

• It is not regulated by feedback inhibition

• It does not participate in glycolysis

What happens to the ATP-gated potassium channel when ATP levels are low?

• It becomes inhibited

• It remains open, allowing potassium efflux

• It closes, preventing potassium efflux

• It triggers insulin release

How does the body respond to moderate blood glucose levels in terms of insulin secretion?

• A moderate amount of insulin is secreted

• A large amount of insulin is secreted

• Insulin secretion is inhibited

• No insulin is secreted

What is the effect of consuming a high glycemic index food on insulin secretion?

• It causes a moderate insulin release

• It causes a high insulin release

• It causes a low insulin release

• It has no effect on insulin release

Where are insulin granules released from within the cell?

• Golgi apparatus

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Lysosome