Respiratory system

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the respiratory system, detailing the structures and functions of both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It covers the main and accessory muscles involved in respiration, as well as accessory structures that optimize gas exchange and minimize risks. The tutorial also includes clinical notes on respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD, and concludes with a summary of key points.

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

• To digest food

• To circulate blood

• To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide

• To produce hormones

Which structure is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

• Pharynx

• Oral cavity

• Trachea

• Nasal cavity

What is the main role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

• To support the trachea

• To filter air

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To produce mucus

Which muscle is primarily responsible for expanding the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

• Biceps

• Diaphragm

• Quadriceps

• Trapezius

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during respiration?

• To expand the thoracic cavity and draw air in

• To produce sound

• To compress the thoracic cavity

• To separate the nasal and oral cavities

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

• To produce sound

• To increase surface area for air filtration

• To support the trachea

• To aid in digestion

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive respiratory diseases?

• Increased lung expansion

• Improved airflow

• Narrowing or blocking of airways

• Increased lung elasticity

What is the role of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?

• To produce mucus

• To prevent food from entering the lower respiratory tract

• To aid in gas exchange

• To support the vocal cords

Which structure is responsible for modulating pitch in voice production?

• Trachea

• Larynx

• Bronchi

• Alveoli

Which of the following is NOT a function of the tongue in respiration?

• To humidify inhaled air

• To produce mucus

• To facilitate speech

• To detect temperature