Unit 5 Review - Genetics

What is the smallest unit in the hierarchy of genetic components?

• Chromosome

• Genome

• Nucleotide

• Gene

Which of the following is a structural difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains uracil

• RNA is double-stranded

• RNA contains ribose sugar

• DNA contains ribose sugar

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

• Adds nucleotides

• Synthesizes RNA primer

• Binds Okazaki fragments

• Unzips the DNA helix

During DNA replication, what are Okazaki fragments?

• Proteins that stabilize DNA

• Short DNA fragments on the lagging strand

• Short RNA primers

• Continuous DNA strands

What is the primary function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• Forms ribosomes

• Carries amino acids

• Carries genetic information from DNA

• Synthesizes tRNA

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• RNA to DNA to Protein

• DNA to Protein to RNA

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• Protein to RNA to DNA

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

• To replicate DNA

• To divide the nucleus and ensure equal distribution of chromosomes

• To create genetic diversity

• To produce gametes

In Mendel's experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation?

• 3:1

• 1:1

• 2:1

• 1:2:1

What is a Punnett square used for?

• To sequence DNA

• To measure gene expression

• To map chromosomes

• To predict the outcome of genetic crosses

What is the significance of linked genes?

• They have a crossover frequency of 50% or more

• They do not follow Mendel's laws

• They are found on different chromosomes

• They are always inherited together