Chromosomes: structure and function

The video explores chromosomes, the body's essential DNA carriers. It covers their discovery, structure, and function. Chromosomes are DNA molecules wrapped around proteins, forming a complex structure. They ensure DNA is evenly distributed during cell division. Key parts include chromatids, centromeres, P and Q arms, and telomeres. Chromosomes protect genetic material and are crucial for cell replication and longevity.

What is the primary component of chromosomes?

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• DNA

Which structure is formed when DNA wraps around histones?

• Telomere

• Chromatid

• Nucleosome

• Chromatin fiber

What is the role of the centromere in a chromosome?

• To protect the ends of chromosomes

• To join sister chromatids

• To replicate DNA

• To encode genetic information

What are the shorter arms of a chromosome called?

• Q arms

• Centromeres

• P arms

• Telomeres

What happens to telomeres as cells divide?

• They duplicate

• They lengthen

• They remain unchanged

• They shorten

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 24

• 23

• 25

• 22

What is the main function of chromosomes during cell division?

• To create new proteins

• To ensure even distribution of DNA

• To produce energy

• To synthesize lipids