Transcription and Translation: From DNA to Protein

The video explains DNA transcription and translation, detailing how genetic material in a cell leads to the development of organisms. It covers the structure of DNA, the role of genes, and the processes of transcription and translation. Transcription involves creating mRNA from DNA, while translation uses mRNA to synthesize proteins. The video highlights the importance of codons and the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis.

What is the primary function of genes within a chromosome?

• To form ribosomes

• To bind with enzymes

• To replicate DNA

• To code for proteins

During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase?

• To unzip the DNA strands permanently

• To bind amino acids together

• To replicate the entire DNA molecule

• To synthesize mRNA using the template strand

What is the main difference between RNA and DNA?

• RNA contains deoxyribose sugar

• RNA uses thymine instead of uracil

• RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil

• RNA is double-stranded

What is the function of a codon during translation?

• To terminate transcription

• To bind with ribosomes

• To code for a specific amino acid

• To initiate DNA replication

How many different possible codons are there in mRNA?

• 16

• 20

• 64

• 128

What is the role of the start codon AUG in translation?

• To bind tRNA to the ribosome

• To start the translation process by coding for methionine

• To initiate the transcription process

• To terminate the translation process

What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?

• The polypeptide chain is released

• The ribosome starts a new translation cycle

• The mRNA is degraded

• The tRNA detaches from the ribosome