Overview of Metabolism [Part 3] | Acetyl-CoA & Anaplerotic Reactions

The video explores the role of beta oxidation in metabolism, detailing how fatty acids are broken down into acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2. It discusses the reversal of beta oxidation, leading to HMG CoA synthesis, and the production of ketone bodies during fasting. The synthesis of cholesterol and its derivatives is explained, highlighting the role of HMG CoA reductase. The video also covers the biosynthesis of fatty acids and heme, emphasizing allosteric regulation. Finally, it discusses the malic enzyme's role in producing NADPH and the conversion of glutamate to glutamine.

What is the primary product of beta oxidation that enters the citric acid cycle?

• Glucose

• NADH

• Acetyl CoA

• FADH2

Which enzyme is responsible for converting acetoacetyl CoA to HMG CoA?

• Thiolase

• HMG CoA synthase

• Acetyl CoA carboxylase

• Fatty acid synthase

In a fed state, which enzyme is activated to synthesize cholesterol?

• Fatty acid synthase

• Thiolase

• HMG CoA reductase

• HMG CoA lyase

What is the committed step in fatty acid synthesis?

• Conversion of malate to pyruvate

• Beta oxidation

• Elongation of fatty acids

• Conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA

Which enzyme is responsible for the elongation of fatty acids beyond 16 carbons?

• HMG CoA reductase

• Elongation enzyme

• Acetyl CoA carboxylase

• Fatty acid synthase

What is the role of succinyl CoA in heme synthesis?

• It is a precursor for delta aminolevulinic acid

• It is used in the electron transport chain

• It is a waste product

• It is converted to malonyl CoA

Which enzyme converts delta aminolevulinic acid to porphobilinogen?

• Porphobilinogen deaminase

• Lad hydratase

• Glutaminase

• Malic enzyme

What are the products of the malic enzyme reaction?

• NADPH, acetyl CoA, and water

• NADH, acetyl CoA, and water

• NADPH, pyruvate, and carbon dioxide

• NADH, pyruvate, and carbon dioxide

Which enzyme converts alpha ketoglutarate to glutamate?

• Glutamine synthetase

• Glutaminase

• Glutamate dehydrogenase

• Transaminase

What is the role of NADPH in the cell?

• It is a precursor for acetyl CoA

• It is an electron donor for biosynthetic reactions

• It is used in the electron transport chain

• It is a waste product