The Rainbow Gem Made from Ancient Sea Creatures

Ammonites were ancient cephalopods with spiral shells, now extinct but found as fossils worldwide. In southern Alberta, Canada, some ammonite fossils have transformed into colorful gems called amolite. This transformation is due to unique geological conditions that preserved the aragonite mineral in the shells, preventing it from converting to calcite. The Bear Paw Formation, rich in iron and magnesium, may have played a role in this preservation. Amolite's vibrant colors result from light diffraction through aragonite crystals, creating a rainbow effect. Scientists continue to study these processes to understand how these beautiful gems formed.

What mineral primarily composes the shells of ammonites?

• Magnetite

• Aragonite

• Quartz

• Calcite

What geological feature is associated with the preservation of aragonite in ammonite fossils?

• The Rocky Mountains

• The Great Plains

• The Canadian Shield

• The Bear Paw Formation

Which elements were present in high concentrations in the Bear Paw region that might have helped preserve aragonite?

• Lead and Tin

• Gold and Silver

• Copper and Zinc

• Iron and Magnesium

What process causes amolite to display a range of colors?

• Reflection

• Refraction

• Diffraction

• Absorption

How does the arrangement of aragonite crystals affect the appearance of amolite?

• It changes the gem's hardness

• It alters the gem's weight

• It influences the gem's color

• It affects the gem's size