Pivot Shift Test | Rationale & Interpretation

The video tutorial explains the pivot shift test, a special test used to assess ACL injuries. It describes the test's purpose, which is to reproduce the sensation of knee instability often reported by patients with untreated ACL injuries. The test is performed in three stages, involving internal rotation, valgus force, and axial load. The video details how to interpret positive and negative test results, focusing on tibial subluxation and relocation during knee flexion. A real-time demonstration of the test is also provided.

What is the primary purpose of the pivot shift test?

• To test the flexibility of the hamstrings

• To assess the stability of the knee joint

• To measure the range of motion in the knee

• To evaluate the strength of the quadriceps

Which force is NOT typically applied during the pivot shift test?

• External rotation force

• Internal rotation force

• Axial load

• Valgus force

During the pivot shift test, what happens to the tibia when the knee is extended?

• It subluxes

• It rotates externally

• It remains stable

• It flexes

At what degree of knee flexion does the tibia typically relocate in a positive pivot shift test?

• 20 to 30 degrees

• 30 to 40 degrees

• 40 to 50 degrees

• 10 to 20 degrees

Which structure contributes to the relocation of the tibia during knee flexion in a positive test?

• Medial collateral ligament

• Quadriceps tendon

• Iliotibial band

• Patellar ligament

What is the expected outcome of the pivot shift test in a healthy ACL?

• Subluxation but no pain

• Pain but no subluxation

• No pain and no subluxation

• Pain and subluxation

What is the significance of maintaining the applied forces during knee flexion in the pivot shift test?

• To prevent the tibia from rotating

• To ensure the knee remains extended

• To observe the relocation of the tibia

• To increase the range of motion