Factors affecting equilibria

The video tutorial explains the industrial production of chemicals, focusing on maximizing reactant conversion with minimal energy. It covers the importance of finding suitable experimental conditions, using ammonia production as an example. The Le Chatelier principle is introduced to explain how changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature affect chemical equilibrium. The video also discusses the role of catalysts in increasing reaction rates without affecting equilibrium, using examples like the Haber process and sulfuric acid production.

What is the primary goal in the industrial production of chemicals?

• To reduce the production time

• To minimize the use of raw materials

• To maximize the conversion of reactants to products with minimal energy

• To increase the number of by-products

According to Le Chatelier's principle, what happens when a reactant is added to a system at equilibrium?

• The equilibrium shifts to produce more of the added reactant

• The reaction stops

• The system remains unchanged

• The equilibrium shifts to consume the added reactant

In the reaction H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI, what happens when H2 is added?

• The equilibrium remains unchanged

• The reaction stops

• The equilibrium shifts to the right

• The equilibrium shifts to the left

How does the removal of a product affect the equilibrium in a chemical reaction?

• The equilibrium shifts to produce more reactants

• The equilibrium shifts to produce more products

• The equilibrium remains unchanged

• The reaction stops

What is the effect of increasing pressure on the equilibrium of the reaction N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3?

• The equilibrium remains unchanged

• The reaction stops

• The equilibrium shifts to the right

• The equilibrium shifts to the left

What happens to the equilibrium constant of an exothermic reaction when the temperature is increased?

• It increases

• It decreases

• It becomes zero

• It remains unchanged

In an endothermic reaction, how does an increase in temperature affect the equilibrium?

• The equilibrium shifts to the right

• The equilibrium remains unchanged

• The reaction stops

• The equilibrium shifts to the left

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

• It is consumed in the reaction

• It increases the rate of reaction without affecting the equilibrium

• It decreases the rate of reaction

• It changes the equilibrium position

How does a catalyst affect the activation energy of a reaction?

• It decreases the activation energy

• It increases the activation energy

• It doubles the activation energy

• It has no effect on the activation energy

In the Haber process, what conditions are optimized to increase the yield of ammonia?

• Low temperature and low pressure

• High temperature and high pressure

• Low temperature and high pressure

• High temperature and low pressure