The DNA Damage Response | Repair the DNA or Commit Apoptosis?

The video explains the cellular response to DNA damage, focusing on the role of P53 in deciding whether a cell repairs its DNA or undergoes apoptosis. It details the proteins involved in the DNA damage response, such as MRN, ATM, and ATR, and describes how minor DNA damage leads to cell cycle arrest via P21. In cases of significant DNA damage, the cell opts for apoptosis to prevent mutation propagation. The video emphasizes the importance of these processes in maintaining genetic integrity.

What determines whether a cell will repair DNA or undergo apoptosis?

• The type of cell

• The extent of DNA damage

• The presence of retinoblastic protein

• The amount of cyclin E

In the case of minor DNA damage, what role does P53 play?

• It activates pro-apoptotic genes

• It deactivates retinoblastic protein

• It repairs DNA directly

• It upregulates P21 to halt the cell cycle

What is the function of retinoblastic protein in a healthy cell?

• To facilitate cell cycle progression

• To activate DNA repair enzymes

• To halt the cell cycle

• To promote apoptosis

How does P21 affect the cell cycle in response to minor DNA damage?

• It promotes DNA replication

• It triggers apoptosis

• It activates CDK2 and cyclin E

• It inactivates CDK2 and cyclin E

What happens to the cell cycle once DNA is repaired after minor damage?

• It remains halted

• It progresses to apoptosis

• It starts a new cell cycle

• It resumes progression to the S phase

What is the cellular response to significant DNA damage?

• Deactivation of P53

• Upregulation of P21

• Activation of DNA repair enzymes

• Upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes

Why is apoptosis considered a selfless act by the cell?

• It prevents mutation propagation

• It ensures the cell's survival

• It prevents the cell from dividing

• It enhances DNA repair efficiency