Understanding Climate Part 2: Volcanoes, Oceans, and Internal Variability

The video explores internal factors affecting climate, focusing on volcanoes and ocean currents. Volcanoes have a short-term cooling effect due to ash and sulfur dioxide emissions, while ocean currents regulate climate by distributing heat and nutrients. Climate change impacts ocean ecosystems, causing glacier melt and coral bleaching. Internal climate variability, such as the El Nino and Arctic Oscillation, affects weather patterns but not long-term warming trends. The video emphasizes the role of human activity in the planet's energy imbalance and greenhouse gas accumulation.

What is the primary cooling effect of volcanic eruptions on the climate?

• They cause long-term warming.

• They block sunlight with dust and ash.

• They release large amounts of carbon dioxide.

• They increase the Earth's albedo.

How do ocean currents contribute to climate regulation?

• By increasing the Earth's temperature.

• By distributing heat and nutrients globally.

• By reducing the salinity of ocean water.

• By causing permanent changes in weather patterns.

What is a significant consequence of warming ocean waters?

• Permanent increase in ocean salinity.

• Increased ability to hold carbon dioxide.

• Enhanced deep water formation.

• Reduced capacity to hold gases like oxygen.

What is the El Nino phenomenon known for?

• Reducing atmospheric pressure.

• Stabilizing ocean currents.

• Decreasing global temperatures.

• Increasing global temperatures.

How does the La Nina cycle affect global climate?

• It decreases global temperatures.

• It has no effect on global climate.

• It causes permanent climate change.

• It increases global temperatures.

What is the Arctic Oscillation associated with?

• Changes in ocean salinity.

• Patterns of air pressure in the Northern Hemisphere.

• Increased volcanic activity.

• Permanent changes in global temperatures.

What primarily drives long-term trends in sea surface temperatures?

• Ocean salinity changes.

• Volcanic eruptions.

• The planet's energy imbalance.

• Natural internal variability.