Ionic Equilibria in Solutions

Michael Faraday classified substances into electrolytes and non-electrolytes based on their ability to conduct electricity in aqueous solutions. Electrolytes are further divided into strong and weak electrolytes. Strong electrolytes, like sodium chloride, fully ionize in water, while weak electrolytes, like acetic acid, only partially ionize. In weak electrolytes, an equilibrium is established between unionized molecules and ions, known as ionic equilibrium.

What distinguishes electrolytes from non-electrolytes in aqueous solutions?

• Electrolytes are always solid, non-electrolytes are liquid.

• Electrolytes are organic, non-electrolytes are inorganic.

• Electrolytes dissolve in water, non-electrolytes do not.

• Electrolytes conduct electricity, non-electrolytes do not.

Which of the following is a characteristic of strong electrolytes?

• They completely ionize in water.

• They only ionize in non-aqueous solutions.

• They do not ionize in water.

• They partially ionize in water.

What is the ionization percentage of acetic acid in water?

• 75%

• Less than 5%

• 100%

• 50%

Why is sodium chloride considered a strong electrolyte?

• It partially ionizes in water.

• It does not dissolve in water.

• It completely ionizes in water.

• It forms a precipitate in water.

In the context of weak electrolytes, what does ionic equilibrium refer to?

• The equilibrium between different types of ions.

• The absence of ions in the solution.

• The balance between unionized molecules and ions.

• The complete ionization of molecules in solution.