Structure of Bacteria

Bacteria are ancient organisms vital to human health and the environment. They can cause diseases like cholera and tuberculosis but also play crucial roles in digestion and immunity. Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes found in diverse habitats. They lack a true nucleus, with DNA located in the nucleoid. Bacterial cells have a flexible cell wall, flagella for movement, and pili for attachment and DNA exchange. They possess chromosomal and plasmid DNA, which carry genetic information and confer antibiotic resistance.

What is one of the roles of beneficial bacteria in the human gut?

• Increasing human cell count

• Producing vitamins

• Causing diseases like cholera

• Decreasing immune response

How are bacteria different from plant and animal cells?

• They are much smaller

• They are multicellular

• They have a membrane-bound nucleus

• They have a rigid cell wall

Where is the DNA located in bacterial cells?

• In the nucleus

• In the chloroplast

• In the nucleoid

• In the mitochondria

What is the function of the flagellum in bacteria?

• To synthesize proteins

• To store genetic information

• To help the bacteria move

• To protect against toxins

What role do pili play in bacterial cells?

• They store nutrients

• They produce toxins

• They help in photosynthesis

• They enable attachment to surfaces