Kossel-Lewis Theory: The Foundations of Chemical Bonding

The video explains the structure of atoms, focusing on valence and core electrons. It uses sodium as an example to illustrate electron configuration and discusses the role of valence electrons in chemical reactivity and bond formation. The octet rule is introduced, explaining how atoms achieve stability by acquiring eight electrons in their outermost shell. The formation of ionic bonds, exemplified by sodium chloride, and covalent bonds, as seen in chlorine molecules, are detailed, highlighting the processes of electron transfer and sharing.

What are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom called?

• Core electrons

• Valence electrons

• Noble electrons

• Reactive electrons

Which rule explains the tendency of atoms to have eight electrons in their outermost shell?

• Electron rule

• Valence rule

• Octet rule

• Duet rule

How is a chemical bond formed according to the octet rule?

• By splitting atoms

• By sharing or transferring electrons

• By losing protons

• By gaining neutrons

What type of bond is formed between sodium and chlorine in sodium chloride?

• Hydrogen bond

• Covalent bond

• Ionic bond

• Metallic bond

In a chlorine molecule, how do the atoms achieve a stable electronic configuration?

• By sharing an electron pair

• By gaining protons

• By losing electrons

• By transferring electrons