Acetone Catabolism

The video explores ketone body biosynthesis and catabolism, emphasizing their importance as an energy source beyond starvation and diabetes. It details the acetone degradation pathway, highlighting its conversion to pyruvate and subsequent energy production. The glyoxalase pathway is also discussed, showcasing the energy yield from acetone catabolism.

What are the three ketone bodies discussed in the video?

• Acetone, Beta-hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate

• Acetone, Glucose, Acetoacetate

• Beta-hydroxybutyrate, Glucose, Acetone

• Acetoacetate, Glucose, Beta-hydroxybutyrate

How can you detect ketoacidosis in a diabetic patient?

• By observing rapid weight gain

• By measuring blood glucose levels

• By smelling acetone on their breath

• By checking for high blood pressure

What happens to lipids in a low carbohydrate diet?

• They are stored as fat

• They undergo beta oxidation to produce acetyl CoA

• They are converted to glucose

• They are excreted from the body

What is the role of acetoacetate decarboxylase in humans?

• It is responsible for glucose metabolism

• It has not been isolated in humans and may occur spontaneously

• It is known to exist in mammals

• It is a well-known enzyme in humans

What enzyme converts isopropanol to acetone?

• Cytochrome P-450

• Isopropanol dehydrogenase

• Isopropanol oxidase

• Acetone reductase

Which enzymes are involved in the hydroxylation of acetone?

• Cytochrome P-450 enzymes

• Beta-oxidation enzymes

• Acetone synthase

• Lactate dehydrogenase

What is the product of acetone hydroxylation?

• Acetyl CoA

• Acetol

• Glucose

• Lactate

What is the role of glutathione in the glyoxalase pathway?

• It acts as a substrate for acetone

• It is a coenzyme for lactate dehydrogenase

• It is used to form lactyl glutathione

• It is converted to pyruvate

What is the final product of the glyoxalase pathway?

• Acetone

• Lactate

• Glucose

• Pyruvate

What is the energy yield from acetone catabolism?

• Low energy yield

• No energy yield

• Moderate energy yield

• High energy yield