Intermolecular Forces

The video tutorial explains intermolecular forces, which are weaker than covalent bonds and determine the state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas). It highlights that larger molecules have stronger intermolecular forces due to more electrons, as seen in iodine compared to chlorine. The proximity of molecules also affects force strength, with solids having stronger forces than liquids and gases. The tutorial uses examples like iodine and polythene to illustrate these concepts, emphasizing the energy needed to overcome these forces during state changes, such as boiling water.

What determines whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas?

• The temperature of the environment

• The color of the substance

• The intermolecular forces between molecules

• The type of atoms in the substance

What happens to iodine molecules when energy is supplied to solid iodine?

• They break into individual atoms

• They form stronger covalent bonds

• They become liquid

• They spread out and become a gas

Why do larger molecules have stronger intermolecular forces?

• They have more protons

• They have a higher density

• They have more electrons

• They are more colorful

Why are plastics solid at room temperature?

• They have thousands of electrons, requiring more energy to separate

• They have a high melting point

• They have strong covalent bonds

• They are made of metal

What happens to intermolecular forces in a gas compared to a solid?

• They become extremely weak

• They become stronger

• They turn into covalent bonds

• They remain the same