Earthly Treasures: Diamonds

Diamonds are the hardest known compound, originating from the Greek word 'adamas' meaning unbreakable. They form deep within the Earth's mantle under high temperature and pressure over billions of years. Volcanic eruptions bring them to the surface, where they cool in igneous rocks called kimberlites. Diamonds have a unique lattice structure, making them rigid and lustrous. Their color can be affected by impurities like nitrogen and boron. Diamonds are cut into various shapes and their quality is assessed by the four Cs: carat, cut, color, and clarity. While prized as gemstones, 80% of diamonds are used industrially due to their durability and thermal conductivity.

What is the origin of the word 'diamond'?

• It comes from the Latin word 'diamon'.

• It is based on the Sanskrit word 'vajra'.

• It is derived from the Greek word 'adamas'.

• It originates from the French word 'diamant'.

How are diamonds brought to the Earth's surface?

• Through meteorite impacts.

• By erosion of the Earth's crust.

• Through tectonic plate movements.

• Via volcanic eruptions.

What makes diamonds rigid and lustrous?

• Their high carbon content.

• Their unique lattice structure.

• Their large size.

• Their natural impurities.

Which element can change the color of a diamond?

• Hydrogen

• Helium

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

What percentage of mined diamonds are used for industrial purposes?

• 50%

• 70%

• 80%

• 60%