Ketone Body Synthesis | Ketogenesis | Formation Pathway and Regulation

The video tutorial covers ketone body synthesis, also known as ketogenesis. It explains the molecular pathway of ketone body production, primarily in liver hepatocytes, and their role as an energy source during fasting, especially for the brain. The tutorial details the enzymatic steps involved, highlighting the importance of acetyl CoA and the regulation by hormones like glucagon and insulin. It also discusses the utilization of ketone bodies, such as beta hydroxybutyrate, and their export from the liver to other tissues.

What is the primary energy source for the brain during fasting?

• Fatty acids

• Glucose

• Proteins

• Ketone bodies

Which enzyme combines two acetyl CoA molecules to form acetoacetyl-CoA?

• Beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

• Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase

• HMG-CoA lyase

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase

What is the rate-limiting enzyme in ketone body synthesis?

• HMG-CoA synthase

• Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase

• HMG-CoA lyase

• Beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

Which hormone upregulates the protein FOXA2, thereby increasing ketone body synthesis?

• Cortisol

• Insulin

• Glucagon

• Adrenaline

What is the primary ketone body produced during ketogenesis?

• Acetone

• Acetoacetate

• Beta hydroxybutyrate

• Glucose

Which ketone body can be measured in a patient's breath during ketoacidosis?

• Acetoacetate

• Beta hydroxybutyrate

• Acetone

• Glucose

Which reaction requires NADH in the ketone body synthesis pathway?

• Formation of glucose

• Formation of beta hydroxybutyrate

• Formation of acetone

• Formation of acetoacetate