Mr. Anderson discusses scientific evidence for evolution, starting with Darwin's observations and contributions. He covers biogeography, fossil records, homologies, and vestigial structures. The video also explores molecular evidence through DNA and demonstrates how population simulation software can model evolutionary processes.

What was one of the main challenges Darwin faced in proving his theory of evolution?

• Lack of fossil evidence

• No examples of biogeography

• Limited understanding of genetics

• Absence of homologous structures

How did Darwin's observations of the Galapagos tortoises contribute to his theory of evolution?

• They showed that tortoises were created independently on each island.

• They demonstrated that tortoises could not adapt to different environments.

• They provided evidence of a common ancestor due to variations in shell shape.

• They indicated that tortoises were unrelated to mainland species.

What does the fossil record of horses demonstrate about their evolution?

• Horses have no fossil record.

• Horses have always been the same size.

• Horses evolved from a single ancestor without any branches.

• Horses have evolved to adapt to changing environments over time.

What is an example of a homologous structure?

• Human arm and whale fin

• Fish gills and human lungs

• Human appendix and wisdom teeth

• Bird wing and insect wing

What are vestigial structures?

• Structures that were functional in ancestors but are now reduced

• Structures that are fully functional in all organisms

• Structures that have no evolutionary significance

• Structures that are unique to each species

How does DNA provide evidence for evolution?

• DNA does not change over generations.

• DNA is identical in all living organisms.

• DNA mutations accumulate over time, showing relationships between species.

• DNA is unique to each individual and cannot be compared.

What does the comparison of the FGF2 gene in humans and platypuses reveal?

• Humans and platypuses have completely different genes.

• Humans and platypuses share some genetic similarities.

• Humans and platypuses are genetically identical.

• Humans and platypuses have no genetic similarities.

What percentage of DNA do humans share with chimpanzees?

• 96%

• 100%

• 75%

• 50%

What is the purpose of population simulation software in studying evolution?

• To create new species

• To simulate population changes and study evolutionary processes

• To eliminate genetic mutations

• To predict future environmental changes

What is a bottleneck effect in population genetics?

• A sudden increase in genetic diversity

• A stable population with no genetic changes

• An increase in population size

• A reduction in population size leading to genetic drift