Regulation of Gene Expression: Operons, Epigenetics, and Transcription Factors

The video tutorial explores how cells regulate gene expression, starting with an introduction to transcription and translation. It delves into regulatory mechanisms, including feedback inhibition and operons in bacteria. The tutorial also covers positive and negative gene regulation, and complex regulation in eukaryotes, highlighting the role of transcription factors and histone modification.

What is the primary purpose of gene expression regulation in cells?

• To make sure only harmful genes are expressed

• To prevent any gene from being expressed

• To allow cells to adapt to environmental changes

• To ensure all genes are expressed at all times

Which process involves the conversion of DNA to RNA?

• Translation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Mutation

What is the role of a spliceosome in gene expression?

• To replicate DNA

• To modify RNA post-transcriptionally

• To translate mRNA into proteins

• To degrade mRNA

How do bacterial cells regulate gene expression using operons?

• By using histone modification

• Through feedback inhibition

• By grouping genes with a single promoter

• By methylating DNA

What happens when tryptophan binds to its specific repressor in E. coli?

• The operon is turned on

• The operon is turned off

• RNA polymerase is activated

• The repressor is degraded

Which molecule can deactivate a repressor in the lactose operon of E. coli?

• Galactose

• Glucose

• Sucrose

• Allolactose

What is the role of CAMP in positive gene regulation?

• It inhibits transcription

• It deactivates repressors

• It binds to DNA directly

• It increases RNA polymerase affinity for the promoter

How can histone modification affect gene expression?

• By degrading mRNA

• By changing the DNA sequence

• By replicating DNA

• By altering DNA's affinity for histones

What is the function of transcription factors in gene expression?

• To replicate DNA

• To bind to promoters and regulate transcription

• To degrade proteins

• To modify histones

What role do enhancers play in gene regulation?

• They increase the distance between genes

• They bind to repressors

• They interact with activators to enhance transcription

• They degrade mRNA