DNA and the Genome

The video tutorial explains the structure and function of DNA, highlighting its role in inheritance. DNA is a polymer forming a double helix, composed of nucleotides with sugar, phosphate, and bases. Chromosomes, which carry genes, are coiled DNA structures inherited from parents. Genes code for proteins, influencing physical traits. The genome encompasses all genetic material, and its sequencing aids in understanding diseases and migration. DNA's structure involves complementary base pairing, with A pairing with T, and C with G.

What is the primary role of genes located on chromosomes?

• To protect the cell from viruses

• To transport nutrients

• To code for specific proteins

• To store energy for the cell

What is the genome of an organism?

• A collection of proteins

• A single strand of DNA

• The entire genetic material of the organism

• A type of cell organelle

Which of the following is a potential application of genome sequencing?

• Developing new flavors of food

• Improving solar energy efficiency

• Establishing links between genes and diseases

• Increasing plant growth

What are the components of a nucleotide in DNA?

• A sugar, a phosphate group, and a base

• A vitamin, a mineral, and a water molecule

• A lipid, a protein, and a carbohydrate

• A metal ion, a gas, and a liquid

Which base pairs are considered complementary in DNA?

• A and C, G and T

• A and T, C and G

• A and G, C and T

• A and C, G and U