Stages of Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation

The video explains protein synthesis, focusing on transcription and translation. It begins with an overview of how DNA codes for proteins through sequences of bases forming codons. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where RNA polymerase creates mRNA from DNA. The video highlights RNA's differences from DNA, such as being single-stranded and using uracil instead of thymine. Translation follows, where mRNA is read by ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and tRNA brings amino acids to form polypeptides. The video concludes with a summary of these processes, emphasizing the importance of protein structure for cellular functions.

What is the primary function of DNA in protein synthesis?

• To provide energy for the cell

• To carry the code for protein production

• To transport proteins within the cell

• To break down amino acids

What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

• To bind to ribosomes

• To separate DNA strands and synthesize mRNA

• To fold proteins into their final shape

• To transport amino acids

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Uracil

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Adenine

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA strands?

• Both DNA and RNA are single-stranded

• Both DNA and RNA are double-stranded

• DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded

• DNA is single-stranded, RNA is double-stranded

Where does the translation process occur within the cell?

• In the nucleus

• In the mitochondria

• In the Golgi apparatus

• In the ribosome

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

• To replicate DNA

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To synthesize mRNA

• To break down proteins

What is formed when amino acids are linked together during translation?

• A nucleotide

• A polypeptide

• A lipid

• A carbohydrate