Brown v. Board of Education

______________ is the separation of people based on race.

• Discrimination

• Integration

• Segregration

• Abomination

Which of the following was a result of the "separate but equal" doctrine established by the Supreme Court's Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896? Select all that apply.

• Jim Crow Laws

• Segregated Schools

• Separate seating areas in restaurants, movie theaters, and other businesses for Black and white customers.

• On public buses, African Americans had to sit in the back.

Why did Oliver Brown want his daughter, Linda, to attend the all-white Sumner School in Topeka, Kansas?

• Because the facilities at the Sumner School were far superior to the facilities at the all-Black Monroe School.

• Because he knew that if his daughter was denied entry, the Supreme Court was guaranteed to intervene.

• Because he was a Black Nationalist who wanted to violently overthrow the racist white government.

• He simply wanted his daughter to go the school close to their home — instead of traveling two hours to go to school across town.

Read this excerpt from the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling:

"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."

What were two limitations of the ruling when it came to equal rights for African American citizens? Select both correct answers.

• The ruling only applied to public schools. It didn't end segregation everywhere else.

• The ruling only applied to African Americans' 1st and 2nd Amendment rights. The 14th Amendment was completely ignored.

• The ruling didn't give states a deadline for ending segregation, so some states were very slow to integrate their schools.

• The ruling ended racial discrimination at primary and secondary schools, but at public colleges and universities, segregation was still allowed.

In general, what was the reaction to the Brown v. Board ruling in white communities, especially in the South?

• White families welcomed black students into what had been all-white schools with open arms.

• Many whites opposed the ruling, and some even resorted to violence and terrorism to try to prevent integration.

• The reaction was pretty calm. Integrating schools just wasn't that big of a deal by the 1950s.

• Southern state legislatures passed laws in support of Brown, ensuring that segregation would never occur in the future.

In the years following the Brown v. Board decision, as more and more black students and students of other racial and ethnic backgrounds began attending previously all-white schools, what happened to many of the white families that had been living in the area before?