NYS Earth & Space Bowen's Reaction

Igneous Rocks form from ...

• Cool Magma & Lava

• Sedimentary Rocks

What did the Canadian Scientist Bowen do an experiment on?

• Bowen analyzed the chemical composition of ocean water.
• Bowen experimented on the thermal properties of minerals and crystallization from magma.
• Bowen studied the effects of climate change on polar bears.
• Bowen conducted research on the migration patterns of birds.

What did Bowen notice when the magma cooled?

• Bowen observed the formation of gas bubbles in the magma.
• Bowen noted that the magma remained liquid without any changes.
• Bowen saw the magma turn into a solid rock immediately.
• Bowen noticed the crystallization of minerals as the magma cooled.

What happens to the magma in the discontinuous branch when it cools down?

• The magma evaporates into gas as it cools down.
• The magma remains in a liquid state indefinitely.
• The magma turns into a gas and escapes into the atmosphere.
• The magma crystallizes into different minerals as it cools down.

What happens to certain elements when the temperature cools and crystals form?

• Certain elements solidify and arrange into a crystalline structure.
• Certain elements break down into smaller particles.
• Certain elements remain in a liquid state and do not change.
• Certain elements evaporate and disperse into the air.

Olivine is the first mineral to form and it has a lot of ( is rich in ) iron and magnesium. What happens to the iron and magnesium when it is used to make Olivine?

• Iron and magnesium are released as gases.
• Iron and magnesium become part of a different mineral.
• Iron and magnesium turn into a liquid form.
• Iron and magnesium become part of the olivine crystal structure.

Why does Pyroxene look different from Olivine?

• Pyroxene is a type of mineral that contains only iron.
• Pyroxene is always found in igneous rocks while Olivine is not.
• Olivine has a higher density than Pyroxene.
• Pyroxene looks different from Olivine due to differences in crystal structure and composition.

Pyroxene and Olivine have a lot of iron and magnesium ( they are rich in ) in them. As the temperatures cool-down how does this fact impact the formation of other minerals?

Mafic minerals are rich in?

• Potassium and titanium
• Aluminum and silicon
• Calcium and sodium
• Magnesium and iron

What are intermediate minerals mainly composed of?

• Metals, sulfides, and phosphates.
• Aluminium ( Al); Sodium ( Na ) & Potassium ( K )

• Nitrates, sulfates, and halides.
• Organic compounds and hydrocarbons.