Edward Lawler: Vroom Enhanced with Two Types of Expectancy

The video discusses Vroom's model of motivation, which includes expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. It explains how motivation is a product of these three factors. Edward Lawler expanded on Vroom's model by dividing expectancy into two types: the belief that effort leads to performance and the belief that performance leads to outcomes. Lawler's modification provides a more nuanced understanding of motivation, emphasizing the role of self-confidence and the perception of control over outcomes. The video highlights the importance of these concepts in enhancing motivation.

What are the three components of Vroom's model of motivation?

• Expectancy, Instrumentality, Valence

• Effort, Reward, Outcome

• Confidence, Skill, Task

• Performance, Outcome, Reward

In Vroom's model, what does 'instrumentality' refer to?

• The belief that effort leads to performance

• The belief that performance leads to rewards

• The value of the reward

• The difficulty of the task

According to Lawler, what is the first type of expectancy?

• The belief that effort will lead to desired performance

• The belief that performance will lead to rewards

• The belief that rewards have value

• The belief that tasks are easy

What does the second type of expectancy focus on?

• Value of rewards

• Task difficulty

• Self-confidence and skills

• Performance and outcomes

What does Lawler's modified expectancy equation include?

• Confidence, task, outcome, reward

• Effort, performance, reward, value

• Skill, task, performance, outcome

• First expectancy, second expectancy, instrumentality, valence

How does Lawler's modification help in understanding motivation?

• By adding more components

• By focusing only on rewards

• By distinguishing between two types of expectancy

• By simplifying the model

What is the practical implication of Lawler's enhancement?

• It focuses solely on rewards

• It makes the model more complex

• It ignores the role of chance

• It helps separate self-confidence from task assessment