La carrera por el cero absoluto: el enfriamiento por láser

The video tutorial discusses the scientific pursuit of reaching absolute zero, a temperature where atomic motion ceases. Initially, scientists used liquefied gases to achieve temperatures close to absolute zero. In the early 1990s, advancements in laser cooling allowed for even lower temperatures. Evaporative cooling techniques further reduced temperatures, leading to a competitive race between teams from Colorado and MIT. In 1995, the Colorado team succeeded in cooling rubidium to a record low temperature, earning a Nobel Prize. Despite these achievements, scientists like Ketterly continue to strive for even lower temperatures.

What was the significant advancement in cooling techniques in the early 1990s?

• The development of laser cooling to achieve higher density

• The discovery of absolute zero

• The invention of the magnetic vessel

• The use of liquefied gases like hydrogen and helium

How does evaporative cooling contribute to reducing temperature?

• By increasing the energy of atoms

• By using liquefied gases

• By confining atoms in a magnetic vessel

• By allowing the hottest atoms to escape, reducing overall energy

What was the outcome of the race between the Colorado and MIT teams?

• Neither team succeeded in cooling rubidium

• Colorado team achieved the lowest temperature first

• Both teams achieved the same temperature

• MIT team achieved the lowest temperature first

What recognition did the scientists receive for their work in cooling techniques?

• A patent for their cooling method

• A Nobel Prize in physics

• A grant for further research

• An award from the MIT Institute

What is the significance of Ketterly's achievement in temperature reduction?

• He discovered a new element

• He achieved a temperature less than 1000 millionths of a degree above absolute zero

• He reached absolute zero

• He invented a new type of laser