VOICED: 30 years of Brazilian ethanol

Brazil has transitioned to ethanol, a sugar cane-based fuel, as its primary energy source, surpassing gasoline. Despite being the second-largest ethanol producer, export limitations and environmental concerns, such as the impact on the Amazon rainforest, pose challenges. Ethanol is environmentally beneficial, emitting 80% fewer greenhouse gases than fossil fuels. The future of Brazilian ethanol looks promising, with international promotion efforts like the Ethanol Summit 2009.

What was the initial availability of ethanol fuel in Brazil?

• Offered at 16 pumps in five cities

• Only available in rural areas

• Available at all pumps across the country

• Distributed in every city

Which country is the largest producer of ethanol, surpassing Brazil?

• India

• China

• United States

• Germany

What environmental concern is associated with increased sugar cane farming for ethanol production?

• Soil erosion

• Water scarcity

• Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest

• Air pollution

How much fewer greenhouse gas emissions does ethanol produce compared to fossil fuels?

• 80% fewer

• 60% fewer

• 50% fewer

• 70% fewer

Who is expected to speak at the Ethanol Summit 2009 in Sao Paulo?

• Former U.S. President Barack Obama

• Former U.S. President George Bush

• Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter

• Former U.S. President Bill Clinton