2011 Nobel Prize - Dark Energy feat. Sean Carroll

The video explains that distant galaxies are moving away from us, and the more distant they are, the faster they move. This expansion of the universe was expected to slow down due to gravity, but in 1998, it was discovered that galaxies are actually accelerating away. This acceleration is attributed to dark energy or vacuum energy, a concept introduced by Einstein. Theoretical cosmologists are exploring whether this is due to vacuum energy or a modification of general relativity. If vacuum energy is correct, the universe will continue to expand, becoming lonelier and emptier over time.

What is the relationship between the distance of galaxies and their speed of moving away?

• Distant galaxies move away slower.

• All galaxies move at the same speed.

• Closer galaxies move away faster.

• Distant galaxies move away faster.

What was the unexpected discovery about galaxies made in 1998?

• Galaxies are accelerating in their movement away.

• Galaxies have stopped moving.

• Galaxies are moving away at a constant speed.

• Galaxies are moving towards us.

What concept explains the acceleration of the universe?

• Cosmic rays

• Vacuum energy or dark energy

• Dark matter

• Black holes

Which theory might need modification to explain the universe's acceleration?

• String theory

• Einstein's general relativity

• Quantum mechanics

• Newton's laws of motion

If vacuum energy is the correct explanation, what is the predicted future of the universe?

• The universe will collapse.

• The universe will remain the same.

• The universe will become lonelier and emptier.

• The universe will become more crowded.