DNA and RNA - Part 2

The video tutorial covers the structure of RNA and DNA, highlighting their differences. It explains DNA replication, the central dogma of molecular biology, and the processes of transcription and translation. The tutorial also discusses genetic engineering, including the use of bacteria to produce human proteins like insulin.

What is a key structural difference between RNA and DNA?

• RNA is a double helix, DNA is a single helix

• RNA contains thymine, DNA contains uracil

• RNA is a single helix, DNA is a double helix

• RNA and DNA have identical structures

During DNA replication, what role does DNA polymerase play?

• It adds new nucleotides to the DNA strands

• It synthesizes RNA from DNA

• It unzips the DNA strands

• It repairs damaged DNA

What is the first step in the central dogma of molecular biology?

• Transcription of DNA into RNA

• Mutation of DNA

• Replication of DNA

• Translation of RNA into proteins

What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

• It forms the structure of ribosomes

• It transcribes DNA into RNA

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome

What is the significance of the central dogma in biology?

• It explains how DNA is replicated

• It details the structure of nucleic acids

• It outlines the process of genetic mutation

• It describes how genetic information is expressed as traits

How can genetic engineering be used to produce human proteins?

• By synthesizing proteins directly from DNA

• By inserting human genes into bacterial plasmids

• By inserting human genes into animal cells

• By using human cells to grow proteins

What is an example of an extended phenotype?

• A beaver's dam

• A bird's feather color

• A fish's gills

• A cat's whiskers