How to Train a Brain - Crash Course Psychology

The video explores the contributions of Ivan Pavlov to psychology, particularly his experiments on classical conditioning, which laid the groundwork for behaviorism. It explains how Pavlov's work with dogs demonstrated associative learning, leading to the development of classical conditioning. The video also covers operant conditioning, introduced by B.F. Skinner, which involves associating behavior with consequences. It discusses the controversies surrounding these theories and the role of cognitive processes in learning. The video concludes with a look at reinforcement schedules and their application in real life.

What was the primary focus of the behaviorist school of thought that Pavlov contributed to?

• Cognitive development

• Dream analysis

• Observable behaviors

• Unobservable internal mental processes

In Pavlov's experiments, what was the neutral stimulus before conditioning?

• The presence of meat powder

• The sight of a leash

• The smell of food

• The sound of a bell

What did Pavlov's work suggest about classical conditioning?

• It is a complex form of learning

• It is only applicable to humans

• It is irrelevant to animal behavior

• It is an adaptive form of learning

What was the main idea behind Watson's controversial experiment with Little Albert?

• To study the effects of positive reinforcement

• To show that fear can be conditioned

• To demonstrate operant conditioning

• To prove that animals can learn

What is the basic premise of operant conditioning?

• Behaviors are increased by punishment

• Behaviors are decreased by reinforcement

• Behaviors are increased by reinforcement

• Behaviors are unaffected by consequences

What is the purpose of shaping in operant conditioning?

• To eliminate all behaviors

• To gradually guide behavior towards a desired goal

• To reinforce behaviors randomly

• To punish unwanted behaviors

What is a primary reinforcer?

• A reinforcer that is learned

• A reinforcer that is naturally satisfying

• A reinforcer that is used in punishment

• A reinforcer that is only used in experiments

What happens during extinction in operant conditioning?

• The behavior remains unchanged

• The behavior increases

• The behavior becomes more frequent

• The behavior decreases

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

• Giving a speeding ticket

• Ending a loud noise when a desired behavior occurs

• Taking away a toy for bad behavior

• Giving a child a toy for good behavior

What is a conditioned reinforcer?

• A reinforcer that is learned through association

• A reinforcer that is only used in experiments

• A reinforcer that is naturally satisfying

• A reinforcer that is used in punishment