TED-ED: What is epigenetics? - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna

The video explores why identical twins can differ despite having the same DNA, focusing on epigenetics, which studies how DNA interacts with molecules to activate or deactivate genes. Epigenetic changes, influenced by environmental factors, can affect gene expression and lead to different traits and health outcomes. These changes can persist through cell divisions and even across generations. However, they are not always permanent and can be influenced by lifestyle. The video highlights the potential of understanding and manipulating the epigenome to improve health and treat diseases.

What is the primary reason identical twins can have different traits despite having the same DNA?

• Different birth weights

• Epigenetic changes

• Different diets

• Varied exercise routines

How do molecules within cells influence gene expression?

• By changing the DNA sequence

• By activating or deactivating genes

• By altering the cell membrane

• By modifying the ribosomes

What is the role of chemical tags in epigenetics?

• They change the DNA sequence

• They alter the cell's energy production

• They label proteins for degradation

• They influence gene transcription

How can environmental factors affect the epigenome?

• By modifying the cell's nucleus

• By altering the cell's shape

• By influencing chemical tags on DNA

• By changing the DNA sequence

What can result from environmentally-induced epigenetic changes?

• Faster metabolism

• Increased height

• Development of diseases

• Improved memory

Can epigenetic changes be passed to the next generation?

• Only through the father's side

• No, they are erased completely

• Only through the mother's side

• Yes, some imprints can survive

What lifestyle choices can help maintain a healthy epigenome?

• Consuming high sugar diets

• Avoiding exercise

• Maintaining a balanced diet and exercise

• Exposing oneself to contaminants